Some Vocabulary:
Gametophytes: Haploid multicellular stage. Produce haploid gametes by mitosis
Sporophytes: Diploid multicellular stage where a haploid cell is fertilized and has a complete set of chromosomes (Both sets, not one)
Epiphytes: Plants that use other plants as a substrate but is not a parasite.
Cycads: A palmlike plant that has large cones, popular during the Jurassic eras.
Woody Vascular System: Has wood as the 2nd Xylem tissue for structural support.
Angiosperms: A flowering, land, plant.
Sporophytes: Diploid multicellular stage where a haploid cell is fertilized and has a complete set of chromosomes (Both sets, not one)
Epiphytes: Plants that use other plants as a substrate but is not a parasite.
Cycads: A palmlike plant that has large cones, popular during the Jurassic eras.
Woody Vascular System: Has wood as the 2nd Xylem tissue for structural support.
Angiosperms: A flowering, land, plant.
10 plant phyla's
Nonvascular Plants (Bryophytes)
- Some liverworts have flattened gametophytes while others have more stem like ones.
- The gametophytes are liver shaped.
Phylum Anthocerophyta:
- They are sporophytes and have a long tapered shape. (Is a fertilized haploid cell, therefor it has a complete set of chromosomes, and not half the chromosomes.)
- Hornworts ( a division of anthoscerophyta), is one of the first to live in moist soil in an open area.
- Anthocerophyta share a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.
Phylum Bryophyta:
- Are nonvascular and have no water conducting tissue.
- Are know as mosses and grow up to one or two millimeters.
- No vascular system
- Persistent, unbranched, sporophytes.
Seedless Vascular Plants
- Many grow on other plants as epiphytes.
- Other species grow on forest floors.
- Others live underground and gain nutrients from Fungi
- Includes sporophytes, club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts.
Phylum Pterophyta:
- Includes ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns, and relatives.
- Ferns grew next to horsetails and tree lycophytes.
- Most diverse in the tropics but have also adapted to dry conditions.
Vascular Seed Plants (Gymnosperms)
Phylum Ginkcophyta:
- There is only one surviving species, the Ginkgo Biloba.
- Has fanlike leaves that change into gold in the fall.
- Tolerates air pollution well.
Phylum Cycadophyta:
- The second largest group of gymnosperms.
- Have big cones and palm like leaves.
- Cycads were popular during the Mesozoic era or the age of dinosaurs
Phylum Gnetophyta:
- Has a woody vascular system.
- Has 3 genera, Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitschia.
- They are grouped by molecular data.
Phylum Coniferophyta:
- Largest of Gymnosperms.
- Many are large trees.
- Most conifer trees are evergreen and remain green all year.
- Conifers already have matured leaves when spring comes around.
Vascular Seed Plants (Angiosperms)
Phylum Anthophyta:
- This covers all Angiosperms
- Is developed as sexual reproduction
- Use fruit to encompass seeds.
- This phylum has no water conducting cells
- They have no Xylem tubes/tissue
- Some liverworts have flattened gametophytes while others have more stem like ones.
- The gametophytes are liver shaped.
Phylum Anthocerophyta:
- They are sporophytes and have a long tapered shape. (Is a fertilized haploid cell, therefor it has a complete set of chromosomes, and not half the chromosomes.)
- Hornworts ( a division of anthoscerophyta), is one of the first to live in moist soil in an open area.
- Anthocerophyta share a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.
Phylum Bryophyta:
- Are nonvascular and have no water conducting tissue.
- Are know as mosses and grow up to one or two millimeters.
- No vascular system
- Persistent, unbranched, sporophytes.
Seedless Vascular Plants
- Xylem tissue, true roots, stems, and leaves.
- Many grow on other plants as epiphytes.
- Other species grow on forest floors.
- Others live underground and gain nutrients from Fungi
- Includes sporophytes, club mosses, spike mosses, and quillworts.
Phylum Pterophyta:
- Includes ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns, and relatives.
- Ferns grew next to horsetails and tree lycophytes.
- Most diverse in the tropics but have also adapted to dry conditions.
Vascular Seed Plants (Gymnosperms)
Phylum Ginkcophyta:
- There is only one surviving species, the Ginkgo Biloba.
- Has fanlike leaves that change into gold in the fall.
- Tolerates air pollution well.
Phylum Cycadophyta:
- The second largest group of gymnosperms.
- Have big cones and palm like leaves.
- Cycads were popular during the Mesozoic era or the age of dinosaurs
Phylum Gnetophyta:
- Has a woody vascular system.
- Has 3 genera, Gnetum, Ephedra, and Welwitschia.
- They are grouped by molecular data.
Phylum Coniferophyta:
- Largest of Gymnosperms.
- Many are large trees.
- Most conifer trees are evergreen and remain green all year.
- Conifers already have matured leaves when spring comes around.
Vascular Seed Plants (Angiosperms)
Phylum Anthophyta:
- This covers all Angiosperms
- Is developed as sexual reproduction
- Use fruit to encompass seeds.